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Muhammad Rasulullah SAW b. ~20 April 571 d. 8 Juni 632

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Hirarki Lengkap
Keturunan (Inventaris)

Marga (saat dilahirkan)	Bani Hasyim
Jenis Kelamin	Pria
Nama lengkap (saat dilahirkan)	Muhammad Rasulullah SAW
Nama lainnya	The Prophet No 25
Orang Tua ♂ Abdullah Bin Abdul Muttalib [Bani Hasyim] b. 545? d. Februari 570
Halaman-wiki	wikipedia:id:Muhammad

Momen penting

~20 April 571 lahir: Makkah, Hijaz, Jazirah Arab

595 perkawinan: ♀ Khadija Bint Khuwaylid [Quraych] b. 555 ? 560 d. 619

24 Januari 598 kelahiran anak: La Mecque, Arabie préislamique, ♂ w Qasim ibn Muhammad [Banu Hashim] b. 24 Januari 598 d. 26 Januari 601

27 Juli 605 kelahiran anak: Makkah, Hejaz, Arabia, atau 612/615, ♀ Fatimah az-Zahra [Bani Hasyim] b. 27 Juli 605 d. 28 Agustus 632

8 Juni 632 wafat: Madinah, Hijaz

Catatan-catatan

{Official Lineage}

Ir H Hilal Achmar Lineage Study Muhammad (or Mohammad, Mohammed, Arabic: محمد‎) (c. 26 April 570 – 8 June 632)[1] was the founder of the religion of Islam.[2][n 1] He is considered by Muslims to be a messenger and prophet of God, and the last law-bearer in a series of Islamic prophets. Most Muslims consider him to be the last prophet of God as taught by the Quran.[3][n 2] Muslims thus consider him the restorer of an uncorrupted original monotheistic faith (islām) of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and other prophets.[4][5][6]

Born in 570 in the Arabian city of Mecca,[7][8] he was orphaned at an early age and brought up under the care of his uncle Abu Talib. He later worked mostly as a merchant, as well as a shepherd, and was first married by age 25.[9] Discontented with life in Mecca, he retreated to a cave in the surrounding mountains for meditation and reflection. According to Islamic beliefs it was here, at age 40,[7][10] in the month of Ramadan, where he received his first revelation from God. Three years after this event Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly, proclaiming that "God is One", that complete "surrender" to Him (lit. islām) is the only way (dīn)[n 3] acceptable to God, and that he himself was a prophet and messenger of God, in the same vein as other Islamic prophets.[6][11][12]

Muhammad gained few followers early on,[13] and was met with hostility from some Meccan tribes; he and his followers were treated harshly. To escape persecution, Muhammad sent some of his followers to Abyssinia[14] before he and his remaining followers in Mecca migrated to Medina (then known as Yathrib) in the year 622.[15] This event, the Hijra, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar, which is also known as the Hijri Calendar. In Medina, Muhammad united the conflicting tribes,[15] and after eight years of fighting with the Meccan tribes, his followers, who by then had grown to 10,000, conquered Mecca. In 632, a few months after returning to Medina from his Farewell pilgrimage, Muhammad fell ill and died. By the time of his death, most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam, and he had united the tribes of Arabia into a single Muslim religious polity.[16][17]

The revelations (or Ayah, lit. "Signs of God")—which Muhammad reported receiving until his death—form the verses of the Quran, regarded by Muslims as the “Word of God” and around which the religion is based. Besides the Quran, Muhammad’s life (sira) and traditions (sunnah) are also upheld by Muslims. They discuss Muhammad and other prophets of Islam with reverence, adding the phrase peace be upon him whenever their names are mentioned.[18] While conceptions of Muhammad in medieval Christendom and premodern times were largely negative, appraisals in modern history have been far less so.[12][19] His life and deeds have been debated and criticized by followers and opponents over the centuries.[20]

he name Muhammad means "Praiseworthy" and occurs four times in the Quran.[21] The Quran addresses Muhammad in the second person not by his name but by the appellations prophet, messenger, servant of God ('abd), announcer (bashir)[Quran 2:119], witness (shahid),[Quran 33:45] bearer of good tidings (mubashshir), warner (nathir),[Quran 11:2] reminder (mudhakkir),[Quran 88:21] one who calls [unto God] (dā‘ī),[Quran 12:108] light personified (noor)[Quran 05:15], and the light-giving lamp (siraj munir)[Quran 73:1]. Muhammad is sometimes addressed by designations deriving from his state at the time of the address: thus he is referred to as the enwrapped (al-muzzammil) in Quran 73:1 and the shrouded (al-muddaththir) in Quran 74:1.[22] In the Quran, believers are not to distinguish between the messengers of God and are to believe in all of them (Sura Al-Baqara 2:285). God has caused some messengers to excel above others 2:253 and in Sura Al-Ahzab 33:40 He singles out Muhammad as the "Seal of the Prophets".[23] The Quran also refers to Muhammad as Aḥmad "more praiseworthy" (Arabic: أحمد‎, Sura As-Saff 61:6).

The Quran is the central religious text of Islam and Muslims believe that it represents the words of God revealed to Muhammad through the archangel Gabriel.[20][24][25] Although it mentions Muhammad directly only four times,[26] there are verses which can be interpreted as allusions to Muhammad's life.[12][n 4] The Quran however provides little assistance for a chronological biography of Muhammad, and many of the utterances recorded in it lack historical context.[27][28] Early biographies Main article: Prophetic biography

Next in importance are historical works by writers of the 3rd and 4th centuries of the Muslim era.[29] These include the traditional Muslim biographies of Muhammad (the sira literature), which provide further information on Muhammad's life.[30]

Muhammad's father, Abdullah, died almost six months before he was born.[49] According to Islamic tradition, soon after Muhammad's birth he was sent to live with a Bedouin family in the desert, as the desert life was considered healthier for infants. Muhammad stayed with his foster-mother, Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb, and her husband until he was two years old.[9] Some western scholars of Islam have rejected the historicity of this tradition.[50] At the age of six, Muhammad lost his biological mother Amina to illness and he became fully orphaned.[9][51] For the next two years, he was under the guardianship of his paternal grandfather Abd al-Muttalib, of the Banu Hashim clan, but when Muhammad was eight, his grandfather also died. He then came under the care of his uncle Abu Talib, the new leader of Banu Hashim.[9][48] According to William Montgomery Watt, because of the general disregard of the guardians in taking care of weak members of the tribes in Mecca in the 6th century, "Muhammad's guardians saw that he did not starve to death, but it was hard for them to do more for him, especially as the fortunes of the clan of Hashim seem to have been declining at that time."[52]

While still in his teens, Muhammad accompanied his uncle on trading journeys to Syria gaining experience in commercial trade, the only career open to Muhammad as an orphan.[9][52] Islamic tradition states that when Muhammad was either nine or twelve while accompanying the Meccans' caravan to Syria, he met a Christian monk or hermit named Bahira who is said to have foreseen Muhammed's career as a prophet of God.[53]

Little is known of Muhammad during his later youth, and from the fragmentary information that is available, it is difficult to separate history from legend.[9][52] It is known that he became a merchant and "was involved in trade between the Indian ocean and the Mediterranean Sea."[55] Due to his upright character he acquired the nickname "al-Amin" (Arabic: الامين), meaning "faithful, trustworthy" and "al-Sadiq" meaning "truthful"[56] and was sought out as an impartial arbitrator.[8][12][57] His reputation attracted a proposal in 595 from Khadijah, a 40-year-old widow who was 15 years older than he. Muhammad consented to the marriage, which by all accounts was a happy one.[9][55]

Several years later, according to a narration collected by Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad was involved with a well-known story about setting the Black Stone in place in the wall of the Kaaba in 605 C.E. The Black Stone, a sacred object, had been removed to facilitate renovations to the Kaaba. The leaders of Mecca could not agree on which clan should have the honour of setting the Black Stone back in its place. They agreed to wait for the next man to come through the gate and ask him to choose. That man was the 35-year-old Muhammad, five years before his first revelation. He asked for a cloth and put the Black Stone in its centre. The clan leaders held the corners of the cloth and together carried the Black Stone to the right spot, then Muhammad set the stone in place, satisfying the honour of all.[58]

Muhammad adopted the practice of meditating alone for several weeks every year in a cave on Mount Hira near Mecca.[59][60] Islamic tradition holds that during one of his visits to Mount Hira, the angel Gabriel appeared to him in the year 610 and commanded Muhammad to recite the following verses:[61] A depiction of Muhammad receiving his first revelation from the angel Gabriel. From the manuscript Jami' al-tawarikh by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, 1307, Ilkhanate period.

Proclaim! (or read!) in the name of thy Lord and Cherisher, Who created- Created man, out of a (mere) clot of congealed blood: Proclaim! And thy Lord is Most Bountiful,- He Who taught (the use of) the pen,- Taught man that which he knew not. —Quran, sura 96 (Al-Alaq), ayat 1-5[62] After returning home, Muhammad was consoled and reassured by Khadijah and her Christian cousin, Waraqah ibn Nawfal. Upon receiving his first revelations, he was deeply distressed and resolved to commit suicide.[42] He also feared that others would dismiss his claims as being possessed.[42] Shi'a tradition maintains that Muhammad was neither surprised nor frightened at the appearance of Gabriel but rather welcomed him as if he had been expecting him.[63] The initial revelation was followed by a pause of three years during which Muhammad further gave himself to prayers and spiritual practices. When the revelations resumed he was reassured and commanded to begin preaching: "Thy Guardian-Lord hath not forsaken thee, nor is He displeased."[64][65][66]